[JLPT N4] “Does not let someone eat” — 食べません/食べていません/食べさせません/食べられません？
母は弟にあまいおかしを (？) 。
1 食べません
2 食べていません
3 食べさせません
4 食べられません
My mother doesn’t let my younger brother eat sweets.
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こんにちは、ちか先生です。
Konnichiwa, it’s Chika Sensei.
Today, I’m sharing a practice from my exclusive course.
This one’s for upper beginners (JLPT N4).
Can you choose the correct answer?
[Practice Question]
母は弟にあまいおかしを（＿＿）。
*ははは おとうとに あまい おかしを（＿＿）。
1 食べません
2 食べていません
3 食べさせません
4 食べられません
▼
▼
▼
[Answer]
母は弟にあまいおかしを（3 食べさせません）。
My mother doesn’t let my younger brother eat sweets.
“食べさせません” is the negative causative form of the verb “食べる” .
Let’s break it down:
食べる
= to eat
食べさせる
= to make or let someone eat (causative form)
食べさせません
= does not let someone eat (negative, polite form)
So when you say:
母は弟に食べさせません,
it means “The mother doesn’t let the younger brother eat.”
She is not allowing him to eat.
This is very different from:
食べません
= The mother doesn’t eat
食べていません
= The mother is not eating
食べられません
= The mother cannot eat
Only 食べさせません shows that the younger brother is the one eating, and the mother is the one stopping it.
I hope this explanation helps! 😊