[JLPT grammar] Which Should We Use: は or が for Noun Modification

Today I am going to share the homework correction quoted from my JLPT course!
The student’s sentence is not correct. Can you find the mistake?

 

[Student’s sentence]

これは私は日本で買ったかばんです。

*これはわたしはにほんでかったかばんです。

 



 

[My correction]

これは私日本で買ったかばんです。
→これは私日本で買ったかばんです。
This is a bag I bought in Japan.

 

When a clause with “は” modifies a noun, you should replace “は” with “が”. This is because “が” highlights the subject in a sentence that describes a noun.

 

これはかばんです。(This is a bag)+私は日本で買いました。(I bought it in Japan)
=これは「私は日本で買いました」かばんです。
=これは「私が日本で買った」かばんです。

 

*When modifying a noun in Japanese, the verb before the noun should be in its plain-style (買った), not the polite-style (買いました).

 

e.g.
◎これは母作(つく)ったケーキです。
(×これは母作ったケーキです。)
This is a cake my mother made.

◎私友だちと先週(せんしゅう)見(み)た映画(えいが)はおもしろかったです。
(×私友だちと先週見た映画はおもしろかったです。)
The movie I saw last week with my friend was interesting.

 

I hope my explanation helps you.😊

 

[Today’s Vocabulary Review] これ – This
私(わたし) – I / Me
日本(にほん) – Japan
買う(かう) – Buy
かばん – Bag
母(はは) – Mother
作る(つくる) – Make
ケーキ – Cake
友だち(ともだち) – Friend
先週(せんしゅう) – Last week
見る(みる) – See / Watch
映画(えいが) – Movie
おもしろい – Interesting / Fun

 

 

The above correction is an actual interaction I had with my JLPT All-in-One Course student. (Today’s is from the N4, elementary level. Don’t know your Japanese level? Then take a level test here.)

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